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      • Take care of your heart
      • Do not carry the worries of life but the tools to make a positive change in it.
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      • Take the good from every situation
      • Digest and Absorb knowledge
      • Filter your contacts
      • Sweet and Sour
      • The tongue that can bring Peace and War
      • My corrected vision
      • Are you hearing or are you listening?
    • What is cancer and its types?
    • Healthcare Publications >
      • The Eye Issue 13
      • The food journey
      • Diagnosis and Treatment of cancer
    • Lifestyle >
      • Maintaining Healthy Lifestyle
      • Nutrition and Exercise >
        • Drinking Water
        • Benefits of Avocado
        • Benefits of Honey
        • Benefits of Blackseed oil
        • Cancer >
          • Biology of Cancer >
            • Introduction to DNA
            • What are viruses?
            • Why viruses are replicated?
            • Herpes Virus
            • Viruses and Cancer
            • Vaccines
            • Penicllium and Pseudomona bacteria
            • Adaptive Immune Response
            • Innate Immune Response
          • Types of Cancer >
            • Breast Cancer
            • Prostate Cancer
            • Malignant Melanoma and Obesity
            • Neurological Tumours
          • Cancer Treatment >
            • Chemotherapy: A Introduction
        • Swimming: A sunnah issue 15
        • Yoga
        • A Good Health Makes You Rich
    • Respiratory >
      • Introduction to lungs
      • Asthma
    • The Bone and Muscles >
      • Cystic Fibrosis
      • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
      • Lower Back Pain
      • Neck Pain
      • Arthiritis
      • Comfort during pregnancy
    • The Heart and the Blood >
      • Heart Physiology
      • Coronary Heart Disease
      • Thrombocytopenia and its diagnosis
      • Haemolytic anaemia and its diagnosis
    • Diabetes Inspidus
    • Medicine and Islam >
      • The link between Medicine and Science with Glorious Quran >
        • Introduction
        • Embryology and the human development
        • The Power of Human Senses
        • The Brain - The Human Body's Main Processor
        • The wonders of the heart anatomy and physiology
        • The Conceptual Art of The Bone
        • The extraordinary tubular network of the small intestine and the conclusion of the research project
      • Medicine Through Islamic History
      • Healthy Wealthy tips for Ramadan
      • Prophetic Medicine
      • Ruqyah
      • Healing through Ruqya
      • Hajj and Eclipse >
        • Hajj and Health
        • Solar Eclipse
      • Spiritual Detox, Supplications and Recommended Reading
  • Spiritual Development
    • Standing up with purpose
    • Youtube Reminders
    • Quran - My Source of Solace
    • Tafseer Surah Al Fatihah
    • Temporary magnetic attraction
    • The Art of Dua
    • Remaining Faithful
    • Controlling Anger
    • My relationship with the Quran
    • Tawakkul
    • Everlasting love with Allah
    • My father who inspired me to do dawah,
  • Community Matters
    • Where is the Ummah?
    • Doses of Inspiration >
      • The importance of Amanah
      • Preparation for the Inevitable Hereafter
      • Are muslim women oppressed?
      • My thoughts on evolution
    • Giving charity and the fitnah of wealth
    • Depression in society
    • Reflection on Racism
    • A Muslimah's Identity
    • Teaching Children to Pray
    • Loving people for the sake of Allah
    • Connecting with sisters
    • Poem on sisterly love
  • Magnetic Love With Ramadan
    • Self-analysis and preparation of Ramadan
    • Poem on Ramadan
    • Mannerism Whilst Fasting
    • Reconnecting with Ramadan 2015
    • Season 1
    • Season 2
    • Season 3
    • Season 4 >
      • Part 1 Reminiscing how the Sahaba spent Ramadan
      • Part 2 Polishing Our Character
      • Part 3: Steadfastness after Ramadan
    • Season 5 >
      • The faith of Ibrahim
      • Pearls of Ramadan
      • Inspiring individuals from world history
      • The perserverance of Asiyah
    • Season 6 >
      • Pre-Ramadan Reminders
      • Daily Ramadan boost
      • Ramadan events
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      • Cementing our Purpose during COVID-19
      • Health and Well-being
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    • Season 9
    • Special addition to Season 9 Post- Fajr Reflections
    • Growth Through Ramadan
  • Personal Motivational Quotes
    • Monday Motivation Season 1
    • General Daily Motivation Season 2
    • Opportunities to fast
    • Friday reminders
    • Lessons from Surah Kahf
    • *NEW* Sunday moments
  • Spoken Word Poetry
    • Themes >
      • Black History Month: Actions Not Words
      • Developing Yourself
      • Relationship with Allah
      • Character
      • Preparation for the Akhirah
      • Parents
      • Friendship
      • Humanity and Society
      • Reflections
      • Nature and Weather
      • Marriage and my amazing husband
  • Art
    • SUMMER FUN The Holy Land for Kids Colouring book!
    • Islamic Calligraphy
    • Customised names - Arabic Calligraphy
    • Special Occasions
    • Nature
    • Crafts: Home decor ideas
    • Crafts: Jewellery design
  • History
    • The Revival of Our Sacred Landmarks
    • History Podcasts
    • The magnitude of Islamic History
    • An insight to the Islamic Art of the Abbasid dynasty
    • April Fools Day
    • The Eminent Companions of Prophet salla allahu allayhi wa salam Season 1 >
      • Lessons of the Father of Kittens Abu Hurayrah (RA)
      • The pure faith of Ramla bint Abi Sufyan (RA)
      • A man of honour and dignity - Zubair Ibn Al Awam (RA)
      • Zaid ibn Harith - the beloved one (RA)
      • Julaybib (RA)
      • The Custodian of the Ummah - Abu Ubaydah ibn Jarrah
      • The man of paradise Bilal (RA)
      • Dhun Noorayn Uthman ibn Affan (RA)
      • Wisdom of Rumaysah bint Milhan (R
    • *Season 2 - NEW* The Eminent Companions of Prophet salla allahu allayhi wa salam >
      • Commitment of Umm Waraqah
      • The Bravery of Saad ibn Muadh
      • Consistency of Bara ibn Azib RA
      • The courage of Fatima bint Asad
    • Valentines Day
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    • Jamila Jones
    • Tasnim Arbee
    • Asqarini Hasbi
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      • The Quest of Salvation Part 1 of 3 sequel
      • The Quest of Salvation Part II of 3
      • The Quest of Salvation Part 3 of 3
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  Welcome

Lungs - The organs to breathe

4/8/2015

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Structure of the Lungs
The lungs are located in the chest inside a lubricated membrane called the pleural membrane. - This allows the lungs to move freely inside the pleural cavity. 
The lungs are connected to the outside via the trachea (windpipe). 
The trachea is a tube kept in a rigid shape due to rings of cartilage. 
The larynx or voice box is located at the top of the trachea while at the bottom end it branches into two bronchi. These lead into the lungs.

Picture
The bronchi in turn branch off into smaller and smaller bronchioles. These end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. It is here that gaseous exchange takes place. The surface area of all these alveoli is very large so as to be able to absorb oxygen very quickly.

The lungs are very delicate and can easily be damaged. The cells lining the airways have very tiny hair like structures called cilia on them. These cilia are coated in a sticky mucus. The beating cilia force the mucus and any particles of dirt up out of the lungs. It eventually drops down into the oesophagus so the mucus is attacked by the stomach acid, destroying any pathogens.

Picture
How We Breathe
When we breathe, air is drawn into the lungs so that gaseous exchange can take place. The lungs are unable to draw in air on their own. The chest cavity where the lungs are positioned, is an air tight container.


When we breathe in the diaphragm muscle contracts, pulling the sheet down. The intercostal muscles in between the ribs also contract which pulls the whole ribcage upwards and outwards. These together increase the volume of the chest. Air is drawn into the lungs because the the pressure inside them is lowered as the chest volume is increased.
 
When we breathe out the diaphragm relaxes as does the intercostal muscles.This decreases the volume of the chest, increasing the pressure. This forces air out of the lungs.
So it is the changing volume of the chest which causes air to enter and leave the lungs. The lungs themselves are just like balloons which are inflated and deflated.


Gaseous Exchange
The alveoli are the tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles and the site of gaseous exchange. It is here that oxygen is absorbed into the blood while carbon dioxide is put into the air.


How We Breathe?
When we breathe, air is drawn into the lungs so that gaseous exchange can take place. The lungs are unable to draw in air on their own. The chest cavity where the lungs are positioned, is an air tight container.


When we breathe in the diaphragm muscle contracts, pulling the sheet down. The intercostal muscles in between the ribs also contract which pulls the whole ribcage upwards and outwards. These together increase the volume of the chest. Air is drawn into the lungs because the the pressure inside them is lowered as the chest volume is increased.
 
When we breathe out the diaphragm relaxes as does the intercostal muscles.This decreases the volume of the chest, increasing the pressure. This forces air out of the lungs.


So it is the changing volume of the chest which causes air to enter and leave the lungs. The lungs themselves are just like balloons which are inflated and deflated.


Gaseous Exchange
The alveoli are the tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles and the site of gaseous exchange. It is here that oxygen is absorbed into the blood while carbon dioxide is put into the air.

Deoxygenated blood arrives at the alveoli in tiny blood capillaries. These have very thin walls, as does the alveoli itself. This makes it easier for the gases to pass from the air into the blood or vice versa. The deoxygenated blood has red blood cells low in oxygen and blood plasma high in carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood plasma into the air. The oxygen diffuses from the air into the red blood cells. Blood constantly moves through the capillaries picking up O2 and giving up its CO2.


Adaptations of Alveoli:
  • Gas exchange happens because of several factors in the alveolus and the blood capillaries that control the rate of gas exchange:
  • Very thin wall of both the alveolus and the capillary, they are one cell thick which makes the diffusion distance shorter, increasing the rate.
  • The difference in concentration of gases between the alveolus and the capillary is very large, increasing the diffusion rate of gases.
  • The alveolus are balloon shaped which gives it a very large surface area for faster diffusion.
  • The walls of the alveolus are lined by a thin film of water in which gases dissolve in during diffusion, this makes it faster.
 
Smoking
Smoking causes a number of diseases, some of them life threatening. To understand the effects of smoking you need to look at the components of cigarette smoke.
Short Term Effects:
Cilia can’t vibrate anymore, the air inhaled isn’t clean. Goblet cells release more mucus which makes the trachea narrower.
Nicotine increases heart beat rate and blood pressure.
Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin instead of oxygen combining with it.
Carboxyhaemoglobin is formed which is stable.
Less oxygen transported to cells.


Diseases Caused By Tar:
Chronic Bronchitis:
  • Tar makes goblet cells in trachea produce excess mucus
  • Mucus falls into lungs
  • Bacteria in mucus breed causing infections like bronchitis
  • The layer of excess mucus lining the walls of the alveoli increase the diffusion distance of gases making gas exchange slower
Emphysema:
  • The excess mucus lining the alveoli irritates it, causing strong coughs which damage the alveoli.
  • The alveoli lose its shape and surface area making gas exchange much slower.
  • This cause short breathes and sounds while breathing.



Lung Cancer:
  • When tar reaches the lungs, it is absorbed by cells of the bronchi, bronchioles and the lungs.
  • The tar causes excessive division and reproduction of these cells which develops into cancer
  • The cancer can be spread to other organs too (malignant cancer)



Diseases Caused By Nicotine:
This is the substance which makes smoking addictive. Nicotine is a stimulant which can make the heart beat faster and increase the amount of adrenaline released. It also makes the smoker more shaky. Increasing the normal heart beat rate can cause stress for the heart which can lead to heart disease.


Coronary Heart Disease:
Nicotine helps cholesterol deposition on walls of coronary arteries. This causes atheroma/atherosclerosis. Carbon monoxide also increases risk of blood clots forming which might results in blocking the artery. Less oxygen is delivered to cardiomyocytes (heart cells), a heart attack or failure can take place leading to death.

Carbon Monoxide
This is created due to incomplete burning of the tobacco. This gas binds irreversibly to the haemoglobin in red blood cells preventing them from carrying oxygen. This will make the smoker more out of breathe. If the smoker is pregnant then the amount of oxygen which is being passed on to the developing foetus is reduced. This slows down the growth of the foetus as it develops.


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