LESSON SEVEN: FILTER YOUR CONTACTS
One of the lessons learnt is to keep those who support and those who inspire positivity around you. The Divine never leaves remain in contact because without the Divine we are nothing. We need to filter out and take the positivity from the negativity. Most of society today heavily depends on filters on social media to define beauty. The real beauty that ever lasts is the tongue, the heart and the personality traits that do not wrinkle. Over time, one would realise that self-confidence is the best filter. We should prove to ourselves that we can be better than we were yesterday. Linking this to the anatomy of the human body, the kidneys part of the renal system plays a central role in the process. The name ‘renal’ means from the kidneys.
The two kidneys are in the back of the abdominal wall behind the lining of the abdomen called the peritoneum. The outer part of the kidney is known as the renal cortex whereas, the inner part is called the medulla. The urine flows from the kidneys into the bladder via tubes called the ureters. The ureter has smooth muscle that aids in the propelling of the urine into the round-shaped bladder where it is stored. The bladder has smooth muscle in its wall called the detrusor muscle that contracts. There are two sphincters made of skeletal muscle tissue. The internal urethral sphincter is at the top and, the external urethral sphincter is at the base whose contraction prevents urination.
There are many functions of the renal system: it regulates water and ion levels, removes waste products and foreign substances such as drugs and pesticides from the blood. Urea from the catabolic reactions of proteins, uric acids from the nucleic acids and creatinine are examples. The kidneys also produce glucose from amino acids during prolonged fasting. In addition, they secrete several substances: the enzyme renin that works alongside angiotensin II to regulate blood pressure. The kidneys produce several hormones 1, 24-dihydroxy vitamin D that regulates calcium ions and erythropoietin that regulates red blood cells.
The kidneys contain millions of subunits called nephrons. In each nephron, there is a renal corpuscle and a tubule that arises from the corpuscle. The cortex contains the renal corpuscle. The corpuscle has interconnected capillary loops called the glomerulus situated within a fluid-filled capsule called the Bowman’s capsule. The glomerular capillaries have smooth muscle cells called mesangial cells. There is a space in the capsule called the Bowman’s space.
Most of the nephrons are cortical where the renal corpuscle is found in the outer cortex. However, 15% of the nephrons are called the juxtamedullary nephrons situated from the renal corpuscle to the particular medullar junction. Near the juxtamedullary nephrons, there are long capillaries called vasa recta found deep in the medulla. The juxtaglomerular cells are found in the afferent arteriole and secrete renin.
As the blood enters from the body via the afferent arteriole, the function of the renal corpuscle is to filter the blood from cells and protein. This is known as glomerular filtration. A barrier separates the blood from the protein-free fluid in the Bowman’s space. It consists of a single-cell layer called the capillary endothelium, a basement membrane followed by a single layer of the epithelial membrane containing podocytes.
The remaining protein-free blood leaves the corpuscle by the efferent arteriole through the different renal tubules in the nephron. The renal tubule is a narrow hollow single epithelial layer and consists of the proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. Each tubule is surrounded by capillaries called peritubular capillaries.
The proximal tubule is the first tubule where the protein-free fluid enters and consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and the proximal straight tubule. This is followed by a hairpin-like loop called the Loop of Henle that descends from the proximal to ascending limb to the distal convoluted tubule. The ascending limb has cells called the macula densa.
In the ascending limb, the Loop of Henle and descending limb secretion and reabsorption occurs by mediated transport across the luminal membranes and basolateral membrane. For instance, glucose and amino acids and ions are reabsorbed but there are low levels of waste.
Reabsorption in the tubules depends on sodium as they use its transporter to enter the cells. The loop of Henle extends from the cortex for varying distances down the medulla. Some of the cortical nephrons do not have a loop of Henle.
Looking into this from a reality perspective, we need to try and reabsorb the good nutrients and not let them flow out of the body no matter what the situation is. Don’t lose your self-respect. Don’t lose your manners. Don’t lose contact with those that truly care. Keep those that accept you for who you are. Every one of us has the power to do this.
After the distal convoluted tubule, the fluid enters the collecting duct consisting of the cortical and medullary where it exits as urine. The urine enters the central cavity (renal pelvis) that lead into medullary ducts and out of the urethra.
Keep the heart clean, forgive and filter.
The two kidneys are in the back of the abdominal wall behind the lining of the abdomen called the peritoneum. The outer part of the kidney is known as the renal cortex whereas, the inner part is called the medulla. The urine flows from the kidneys into the bladder via tubes called the ureters. The ureter has smooth muscle that aids in the propelling of the urine into the round-shaped bladder where it is stored. The bladder has smooth muscle in its wall called the detrusor muscle that contracts. There are two sphincters made of skeletal muscle tissue. The internal urethral sphincter is at the top and, the external urethral sphincter is at the base whose contraction prevents urination.
There are many functions of the renal system: it regulates water and ion levels, removes waste products and foreign substances such as drugs and pesticides from the blood. Urea from the catabolic reactions of proteins, uric acids from the nucleic acids and creatinine are examples. The kidneys also produce glucose from amino acids during prolonged fasting. In addition, they secrete several substances: the enzyme renin that works alongside angiotensin II to regulate blood pressure. The kidneys produce several hormones 1, 24-dihydroxy vitamin D that regulates calcium ions and erythropoietin that regulates red blood cells.
The kidneys contain millions of subunits called nephrons. In each nephron, there is a renal corpuscle and a tubule that arises from the corpuscle. The cortex contains the renal corpuscle. The corpuscle has interconnected capillary loops called the glomerulus situated within a fluid-filled capsule called the Bowman’s capsule. The glomerular capillaries have smooth muscle cells called mesangial cells. There is a space in the capsule called the Bowman’s space.
Most of the nephrons are cortical where the renal corpuscle is found in the outer cortex. However, 15% of the nephrons are called the juxtamedullary nephrons situated from the renal corpuscle to the particular medullar junction. Near the juxtamedullary nephrons, there are long capillaries called vasa recta found deep in the medulla. The juxtaglomerular cells are found in the afferent arteriole and secrete renin.
As the blood enters from the body via the afferent arteriole, the function of the renal corpuscle is to filter the blood from cells and protein. This is known as glomerular filtration. A barrier separates the blood from the protein-free fluid in the Bowman’s space. It consists of a single-cell layer called the capillary endothelium, a basement membrane followed by a single layer of the epithelial membrane containing podocytes.
The remaining protein-free blood leaves the corpuscle by the efferent arteriole through the different renal tubules in the nephron. The renal tubule is a narrow hollow single epithelial layer and consists of the proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. Each tubule is surrounded by capillaries called peritubular capillaries.
The proximal tubule is the first tubule where the protein-free fluid enters and consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and the proximal straight tubule. This is followed by a hairpin-like loop called the Loop of Henle that descends from the proximal to ascending limb to the distal convoluted tubule. The ascending limb has cells called the macula densa.
In the ascending limb, the Loop of Henle and descending limb secretion and reabsorption occurs by mediated transport across the luminal membranes and basolateral membrane. For instance, glucose and amino acids and ions are reabsorbed but there are low levels of waste.
Reabsorption in the tubules depends on sodium as they use its transporter to enter the cells. The loop of Henle extends from the cortex for varying distances down the medulla. Some of the cortical nephrons do not have a loop of Henle.
Looking into this from a reality perspective, we need to try and reabsorb the good nutrients and not let them flow out of the body no matter what the situation is. Don’t lose your self-respect. Don’t lose your manners. Don’t lose contact with those that truly care. Keep those that accept you for who you are. Every one of us has the power to do this.
After the distal convoluted tubule, the fluid enters the collecting duct consisting of the cortical and medullary where it exits as urine. The urine enters the central cavity (renal pelvis) that lead into medullary ducts and out of the urethra.
Keep the heart clean, forgive and filter.