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  Welcome

THE AMPLIFICATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY IN EGYPt - BY NAJIB AL ADDIOUI

9/1/2019

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تعد مصر اقدم حضارة في التاريخ الإنساني وتاريخ مصر هو اطول تاريخ مستمر لدولة فالعالم لما يزيد عن 7000 سنة ، حيث تميزت مصر بوجود نهر النيل الذي يشق أرضها والذي اعتبر عامل مساعد لقيام حضارة عريقة بها، كانت مصر قبل الفتح الإسلامي تعاني من الإستغلال البزانطي والروماني مم سبب مضايقات كتيرة للشعب المصري سياسيا وقتصاديا ودينيا حيت كانت تعم الديانة المسيحية ارجاء البلاد حتى انعم الله الأمة بالإسلام ،فأرسل الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام حاطب بن بلتعة اللخمي الى المقوقس ملك مصر بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم من محمد رسول الله إلى المقوقس عظيم القبط سلام على من اتبع الهدى أما بعد فإني أدعوك بدعوة الإسلام أسلم تسلم يؤتك الله أجرك مرتين "قل يا أهل الكتاب تعالوا إلى كلمة سواء بيننا وبينكم ألا نعبد إلا الله ولا نشرك به شيئا ولا يتخذ بعضنا بعضا أربابا من دون الله فإن تولوا فقولوا اشهدوا بأنا مسلمون".
ثم دعا المقوقس كاتبه الذي يكتب له بالعربية فكتب إلى النبي (ص):
(بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، لمحمد بن عبد الله من المقوقس عظيم القبط، سلام عليك. أما بعد، فقد قرأت كتابك، وفهمت ما ذكرت فيه وما تدعو إليه وقد علمت أن نبيا قد بقى وقد كنت أظن أنه يخرج بالشام وقد أكرمت رسولك...)
ثم عّدد له الهداية التي بعثها إليه وختم رسالة بعبارة (والسلام عليك).
إن إكرام المقوقس سفير النبي (ص) والهدايا التي أرسلها إليه، وتقديم اسم محمد (ص) على اسمه، تدلّ كلّها على أنه قد قبل دعوة رسول الله (ص) في قرارة نفسه أو أنه ? على الأقل- مال إلى الإسلام. ولكنه لكي لا يهتز مركزه امتنع عن إظهار ذلك علنا.
بشر الرسول، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بفتح مصر قبل حدوثه بسنوات عديدة، كما أخبر بدخول أهلها في الإسلام واشتراكهم مع إخوانهم في التمكين، قال: «إِنَّكُم سَتَفْتَحُونَ مِصْرَ، وَهِيَ أَرْضٌ يَسمَّى فِيْهَا القِيْرَاط، فَإِذَا فَتَحْتُمُوهَا، فَأَحْسِنُوا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا؛ فَإِنَّ لَهُم ذِمَّةٌ وَرَحِمًا.
ضلت مصر على حالها لأسباب منها صعوبات ومحن واجهها الإسلام فالجزيرة العربية .
وفي عهد الخليفة عمر بن الخطاب اشار اليه عمرو بن العاص بفتح مصر لأهميتها السياسية والإقتصادية
اجتمع عمرو بن العاص بعمر بن الخطاب في الجابية حين جاء إلى بلاد الشام بعد طاعون عمواس، وعرض عليه فتح مصر وطلب السماح له بالمسير إليها، وهنا تظهر لأول مرة في المصادر العربية فكرة فتح مصر، وكأنها فكرة طارئة عنت لعمرو بن العاص الذي كان يسعى للحصول على ميدان جديد يظهر فيه نشاطه، وحسنها للخليفة عمر، وتجري بعض المصادر أن فكرة فتح مصر تعود إلى عمر بن الخطاب نفسه الذي أمر عمرو بن العاص بالمسير إليها وفي الأول من رمضان عام 20 هـ الموافق الثالث عشر من أغسطس 641م، دخل الفتح الإسلامي مصر على يد عمرو بن العاص، الذي حاصر حصن بابليون سبعة أشهر متواصلة بعد أن اكتسح في طريقه جنود الروم، فأرسل المقوقس إلى عمرو يفاوضه ويعرض عليه المال نظير رجوع المسلمين إلى بلادهم، ولكن عمرو رفض.
وتم لعمرو الاستيلاء على مصر بسقوط الإسكندرية، وانتهى العهد البيزنطي في مصر، وبدأ العهد الإسلامي، واعتنقت الغالبية العظمى من المصريين الإسلام، وبقي قسم منهم على المسيحية، واستمر هؤلاء يعرفون بالأقباط
ولعلَّ أول عمل قام به عمرو بن العاص بعد استقرار الأوضاع، الإعلان بين الناس أن لا إكراه في الدين، وأن حرية العقيدة أمر مقدس، فلن يُتعرض لأحد في حريته، أو ماله بسبب دينه، أو مذهبه.أصبحت مصر بعد الفتح الإسلامي إحدى ولايات الدولة الإسلامية، يحكمها والي يعينه الخليفة أو أمير المؤمنين،شهدت مصر خلال العصر الإسلامي نهضة شاملة في مجالات العمران والفنون تمثلت في تطور العمارة الإسلامية بإنشاء العديد من المساجد والقلاع والحصون والأسوار والمدن، كذلك الفنون الزخرفية التي تمثلت فى أول عاصمة إسلامية فى مصر، وهى مدينة "الفسطاط" وبها جامع عمرو بن العاص. ويعد مقياس النيل بجزيرة الروضة أحد أهم الآثار المصرية الإسلامية، وقد أنشأه الخليفة العباسي المتوكل بالله عام 245 هـ. كما يبدو ازدهار العمارة الإسلامية بمصر فى مدينة القطائع وجامع أحمد بن طولون الذى شيد على نهج جامع عمرو بن العاص. ومئذنة جامع بن طولون وهى الوحيدة فى مساجد مصر التى لها هذا الشكل وهى مستمدة من المعابد الفارسية المعروفة باسم "الزيجورات".وأصبحت مصر بلدا إسلاميا،وقد اتخذ لها مدينة الفسطاط عاصمة لها والتي ازدهرت على وقتها حتى أصبحت مركزا للتجارة وهكدا يعد العصر الإسلامي من أهم العصور التى مرت بها مصر عبر التاريخ لما أحدثه من تحولات عقيدية وسياسية واجتماعية عميقة في بنية مصر دولة وشعبًا. وقد استمرت تلك الحقبة زهاء ثمانية قرون ونصف القرن.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Egypt is the oldest civilization in human history and is the longest continuous history of a state for more than 7000 years, where Egypt was characterized by the presence of the Nile River that makes its land and which was considered a contributing factor for the establishment of an ancient civilization. Before the Islamic conquest in Islam, the people of Egypt suffered from the exploitation of Byzantine and Romans politically, economically and religiously. Christianity was spreading throughout the country until Allah (The Most High) sent the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him to the great Coptic King, Al-Maqwas
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful.

“Say, O people of the Book, come to a word between us and you, not to worship but Allah, and not to share anything with it, and not to take each other as Lords without Allah (The Most High).”

Al-Maqwas asked his writer to respond to the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)

“In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful,
To Muhammad, the son of Abdullah, from the Al-Maqwas the Great,
Peace be to you, I have read your book and have understood what you said and what you are calling for. I have learnt that a Prophet will be coming from Sham (present day Syria) and honour you as the Messenger of Allah.”

He then concluded the message with the words "Peace be upon you".

Al-Maqwas honoured the ambassador of the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give in the provision of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). This may be an indication that he accepted the call to Islam. However, at least there was money to be spent on spreading the word of Allah (The Most High). The Prophet of Allah (The Most High) refrained from showing it publicly.

The Prophet of Allah (The Most High) aimed to spread Islam in Egypt years before this event occurred and said, if you do open Egypt they have mercy. However, Egypt remained the same for some reasons due to the difficulties and hardships faced by Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.

During the reign of caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah have mercy upon them), Amr ibn al-As advised him to open Egypt for its political and economic importance. This occurred when Amr ibn al-As met Omar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah have mercy upon them) in Al-Jabiya when he came to the Levant after the plague of Amos, and asked to allow him to walk to it as he was ambitious and wanted to seek a new field. At the same time, it was good for the Caliphate.

Some sources informed that the idea of opening Egypt belonged to Omar bin Khattab himself who ordered Amr ibn al-As to march to it. On the first of Ramadan (13th of August 641), the Islamic conquest entered Egypt led by Amr bin Al As (may Allah have mercy upon him), who besieged the Fortress of Babylon seven months in a row. On his way, the Roman soldiers sought to negotiate with Amr and offered him money for the return of Muslims to their country, but Amr refused.

Amr ibn Al-Aas (may Allah have mercy upon him) was captured in Egypt after the fall of Alexandria, the Byzantine era ended in Egypt, the Islamic era began, and the vast majority of Egyptians converted to Islam, and some of them remained Christian known as Coptic Christians.

Perhaps the first activity carried out by Amr ibn al-As after the stability of the situation, declaring among the people that there is no compulsion in religion and everyone is free to believe in which they wish, their money and religion and doctrine will not be influenced.

In the Islamic era, Egypt witnessed a comprehensive renaissance in the fields of urbanization and the arts, which was the development of Islamic architecture by the establishment of many mosques, castles, forts, fences and cities, as well as decorative arts, which were represented in the first Islamic capital in Egypt, the city of "Fustat", and the Mosque of Amr Bin Aas.
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The Nile scale on Al-Rawda island is one of the most important Egyptian Islamic monuments and was established by the Abbasid Caliphate al-Mutawakkil in 245 AH. The flourishing of Islamic architecture in Egypt also appears in the city of Qata'a and the Mosque of Ahmed ibn Toulon, which was built in the approach of the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As. The minaret of the Mosque of Ben Toulon, which is the only mosque in Egypt that has this form is derived from the Persian temples known as "Zygurat", became an Islamic country, and the city of Fustat was taken to it as its capital, which flourished on its time to become a centre of commerce. This is considered the Islamic era of the most important time of Egypt's history as it has brought about profound ideological, political and social transformations in Egypt's structure as a state and its people. The era lasted for about eight and a half centuries.
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