The Revival of Our Sacred Landmarks

tHE ornaments of HISTORICAL turkey by najib el addioui

11/1/2019

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله اعزائي اليوم في هدا المقال سنتحدت عن دولة و إمراطورية عضيمة في الإسلام وعلى وجه الأرض الدولة العتمانية او السلام عليكم ورحمة الله اعزائي اليوم في هدا المقال سنتحدت عن دولة و إمراطورية عضيمة في الإسلام وعلى وجه الأرض الدولة العتمانية او مايعرف حاليا بي تركيا. تعدُّ الدولة العثمانية من أعظم الإمبراطوريات التي حكمت على وجه الأرض، فبعد قيامها في عام 1299م على يد عثمان بن أرطغرل الدي اخد طريق اباه في بناء الدولة التي كان يأمل ويتمنى بنائها القأئد ارطغرل. استطاع العثمانيون أن يفرضو سيطرتهم على جميع المناطق من حولهم وأن يقضو على جميع الإمارات الصغيرة التي حصلت على استقلالها بعد سقوط الدولة السلجوقية، واستطاعو العبور إلى أوروبّا الشرقية لأول مرة في عام 1354م وقاموا فيما بعد بالاستيلاء على معظم بلدان منطقة البلقان، فتوسَّعت رقعة دولتهم. وكانت الدولة العثمانية أول دولة إسلامية تصل إلى منطقة البقلان وتتخذ موضعًا لها هناك، وفي عام 1453م استطاع العثمانيون بقيادة القائد العثماني الشهير محمد الفاتح أن يدخلوا إلى القسطنطينية وينهوا حكم الإمبراطورية البيزنطية، بعد أن قامت لأكثر من 11 قرنًا من الزمن، وهذا ما مهَّد لتوسيع أراضي الدولة العثمانية وترسيخ هيبتها وعظمتها بين دول العالم آنذاك. بلغت الدولة العتمانية الإسلامية قوتها العضمة ومجدها في القرن السادس عشر والقرن الذي يليه فقد بلغَت أقصى اتساعها لتشمل أراضٍ واسعة من القارات الثلاث في العالم القديم وسيطرت على كامل آسيا الصغرى ومناطق شاسعة من جنوب شرق أوروبّا وشمال أفريقيا وأصبح عدد ولاياتها 29 ولاية، كما كان لها سيادة اسمية على بعض الدول والإمارات في أوروبّا ايضا سيطر العثمانيون على الشام ومصر وتنازلَ الخليفة العباسيّ عن الخلافة لصالح السلاطين العثمانيين الذين أصبحوا خلفاء للمسلمين في عام 1517م، وبلغت الدولة العثمانية أوج قوتها وعظمتها السياسية والعسكرية في عهد السلطان سليمان الأول والملقب بالقانوني من عام 1520م وحتى عام 1566م، وأصبح لها سيطرة تامّة على البحر المتوسط والأسود والأحمر والعربي والمحيط الهندي، وتعتبر هذه الفترة العصر الذهبي لقد خلفت الدولة العثمانية ورائها حضارة واسعة وتاريخ يدرس في الجامعات ومجد لا ينسى وايضا العديد من المعالم التاريخية التي انصحكم اعزائي بزيارتها منها: متحف توب كابي الدي بناه السلطان محمد الفاتح ومسجد السلطان احمد متحف ايا صوفيا يقع متحف ايا صوفيا مقابل مسجد السلطان . وقبر ارطغرل في سغوت هكدا اعزائي بختصار دكرنا بعض من تاريخ دولة تركيا الحبيبة والعريق وبعض من معالمها و انجازاتها التي ستطاعت ان تسمو بها وتبقى راسخة في قلب وعقل كل مسلم وما قدمته هده الدولة تحت راية الإسلام.

ف حاليا بي تركيا. تعدُّ الدولة العثمانية من أعظم الإمبراطوريات التي حكمت على وجه الأرم.

Peace, mercy and blessings of God be upon you dear all. Today, in this article we will talk about a state and empire in Islam and on the face of the earth the Ottoman Empire or what is currently known as Turkey.
The Ottoman Empire is one of the greatest empires that ruled on earth. After its establishment in 1299 by Osman ibn Ertugrul who took his father's path in building the state that he hoped and hoped to build the commander Ertugrul.
The Ottomans were able to take control of all the areas around them and wipe out all the small emirates that gained independence after the fall of the Seljuk state.They were able to cross into Eastern Europe for the first time in 1354 and later seized most of the Balkan countries, expanding their territory. The Ottoman Empire was the first Islamic state to reach the Baqalan region and take its place there.In 1453, the Ottomans, led by the famous Ottoman commander Mehmed the Conqueror, were able to enter Constantinople and end the rule of the Byzantine Empire, after it was established for more than 11 centuries, and this paved the way for the expansion of the territory. The Ottoman state and consolidate its prestige and greatness among the countries of the world at the time.
The Islamic Ottoman Empire reached its great strength and glory in the 16th century and the next century. Nominal to some countries and Emirates in Europe
The Ottomans also conquered the Levant and Egypt, and the Abbasid Caliph ceded the caliphate to the Ottoman sultans, who became successors of the Muslims in 1517. The Ottoman Empire reached its height of political and military might during the reign of Sultan Suleiman I, dubbed by law from 1520 to 1566, and gained complete control over the sea. Mediterranean, black, red, Arab and Indian Ocean, this period is considered the golden age
The Ottoman Empire has left behind a vast civilization, a history taught in universities and an unforgettable glory, as well as many historical monuments that I advise you to visit, including:
Topkapi Museum, built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror
Sultan Ahmed Mosque
Hagia Sophia Museum
Hagia Sophia Museum is located opposite the Sultan Mosque.
And the tomb of Ertugrul in Sgot
Dear all, we have devoted some of the history of the beloved Turkey and some of its milestones and achievements that will be able to transcend them and remain firmly in the heart and mind of every Muslim and what this state has provided under the banner of Islam.

Topkapi Museum, built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror

Sultan Ahmed Mosque

Hagia Sophia Museum is located opposite the Sultan Mosque.

the tomb of Ertugrul in Sgot

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A Glimpse of Morocco by najib addioui

10/1/2019

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The Kingdom of Morocco and its native inhabitants are the Amazigh or Berbers. The Romans ruled Morocco after conquering the Amazigh rule in the country, since around 40 BC.
The Islamic conquest of Morocco was one of the major and timeless events in the history of Islam in the last third of the first century because of the decisive consequences that changed the course of the history of this country and defined the parameters of its identity forever, including the spread of Islam and Arabization, and thus a major mixing process between Arabs and Berbers in the crucible of Islam and turned Morocco into a dear part of the world of Islam.
Morocco is one of the main prominent locations in the world that hold a special place in Islam. It is one of the countries of the continent of Africa that has mountainous nature. Morocco has many cities, namely Rabat (the capital), Marrakech, Tangier, Tetouan, Salé, Fez, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, Nador, Casablanca (the largest city of the Kingdom of Morocco).
Morocco has a population of more than 32 million people according to statistics in 2013, mostly Berber origin of the tribes that settled in North Africa.
Morocco was ruled by many countries and peoples, such as France, Spain, the Roman Empire and many others, where Morocco struggled so much to reach independence in 1956. In fact, there are two areas still under the rule of Spain until this time; Ceuta and Melilla. The official religion of Morocco is Islam. The predominant language is Berber and Arabic, in addition to the presence of people who speak French, English and Spanish. The currency of Morocco is dirham and its famous cuisine is couscous, pastilla, Tajine, and Harira, and its famous drink is tea mint.
Morocco is located in the north of Africa on the coordinates of 32 North and 5 West, between Algeria and Western Sahara, overlooking the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, making it a strategic location in addition to being located along the Strait of Gibraltar, a total area of 446,550 square kilometres. The land area is 446,300 square kilometers and the water area is 250 square kilometres. It is ranked 59th in the world in terms of area. It is surrounded by Algeria, Western Sahara and Spain.
Morocco comprises of many natural resources such as phosphate, iron ore, manganese, zinc, Fish and salt. There are many tourist places. For instance, Marrakech is one of Morocco's cities of origin and attractiveness, because of its deep history and picturesque location at the foot of the Atlas Mountains, in addition to it contains tourist attractions, such as the Saadian Tombs and the Badi Palace, and the Djemaa el Fana square, and The Koutoubia Hermitage and many architectural monuments and sights where tourists can enjoy touring the city and its markets, taste its traditional street food, buy spices, jewelry and crafts.

26/09, 2 يعرف المغرب بالمملكة المغربية وسكانه الأصليون هم الأمازيغ او ما ينطق عليهم البربر، حكم الرومان المغرب بعد تغلّبهم على الحكم الأمازيغي في البلاد، وذلك منذ عام 40 قبل الميلاد على وجه التقريب،فكان الفتح الإسلامي للمغرب من الأحداث الكبرى والخالدة في تاريخ الإسلام في الثلث الأخير من القرن الأول الهجري، لما ترتب عليه من نتائج حاسمة غيرت مجرى تاريخ هذه البلاد وحددت معالم هويتها إلى الأبد، ومنها انتشار الإسلام والتعريب، وبالتالي حدوث عملية الاختلاط الكبرى بين العرب والبربر في بوتقة الإسلام وتحول المغرب إلى جزءٍ عزيز من عالم الإسلام والعروبة فأصبح المغرب أحد مراكز الثقل الإسلامي في العالم. وهي أحد دول قارة أفريقيا ذات الطبيعة الجبلية، وتَشمل المغرب على عِدة مدن، وهي الرباط (العاصمة)، ومراكش، وطنجة، وتطوان، وسلا، وفاس، وأغادير، ومكناس، ووجدة، والقنيطرة، والناظور، والدار البيضاء التي تُعتبر أكبر مُدن المملكة المغربية، ويَبلُغ عدد سكان المغرب أكثر من 32 مليون نسمة حسب إحصائيات عام 2013م، وأغلبهم من أصول بربرية من القبائل التي استوطنت شمال افريقيا سابقا،حَكَمَ المغرب العديد من الدول والشعوب، مثل فرنسا، وإسبانيا، والإمبراطورية الرومانية وغيرهم الكثير، حيث ناضلت المغرب كثيراً حتى استطاعت الوصول إلى الاستقلال في عام 1956م، وفي الحقيقة يوجد منطقتين لا تزالان تحت حُكم إسبانيا حتى هذا الوقت، وهما سبتة ومليلية. إن الديانة الرسمية للمغرب هي الإسلام، واللغة السائدة فيها هي البربرية والعربية، بالإضافة لوجود من يتحدثون باللغة الفرنسية والإنجليزية والإسبانية، وعملتها الدرهم المغربي، ومن أكلاتها المشهورة الكسكس، والباستيلا، والطاجين، والحريرة، ومشروبها الشهير هو الشاي بالنعناع. جغرافيا مدينة المغرب تقع المغرب في شمال قارة إفريقيا على إحداثيات 32 شمالاً و5 غرباً، بين الجزائر والصحراء الغربية، وهي مُطلّة على شمال المحيط الأطلسي والبحر الأبيض المتوسط مما يجعل موقعها استراتيجي بالإضافة لوقوعها على طول مضيق جبل طارق، وتبلغ مساحتها الكلية 446,550 كيلو متر مربع، حيث أن مساحة اليابسة 446,300 كيلو متر مربع، ومساحة المياه 250 كيلو متر مربع، وتقع في الترتيب 59 على العالم من حيث المساحة، وتُحيط بحدودها الجزائر والصحراء الغربية وإسبانيا، وهي تُعد غنية بالعديد من الموارد الطبيعة، مثل الفوسفات، والحديد الخام، والمنغنيز، والرصاص، والزنك، والأسماك، والملح .

Casablanca

Casablanca is the largest city in Morocco and the main industrial area, where visitors enjoy the picturesque French architecture in the new Medina and visit the Hassan II Mosque which is the largest mosque in Africa and the third-largest mosque in the world.

تُعد الدار البيضاء أكبر مدينة في المغرب والمنطقة الصناعية الرئيسية، إذ يقصدُها الزوّار للاستمتاع بمظاهر العمارة الفرنسية الخلابة في منطقة المدينة الجديدة، وزيارة مسجد الحسن الثاني أكبر مسجد في أفريقيا وثالث أكبر مسجد في العالم

Hassan II Mosque

FEZ

Fez occupies a religious and cultural place, where it was the capital of Morocco for more than 400 years. It contains historical manifestations from the Middle Ages of some of the families that ruled, such as Fez Bali, which was built in the ninth century, where it shows the ancient architecture of the dynasty. Besides, it contains the oldest mosques in the world, the mosque of al-Qarawiyyin and a university associated with it. There is also sign stands, tombs of Merenid and the Jewish quarter, and it is advised to go on foot to see all these parameters.

: تحتل فاس مكانة دينية وثقافية، حيث كانت عاصمة المغرب لأكثر من 400 عام، وتحتوي على مظاهر تاريخية تعود للعصور الوسطى لبعض الأسر التي حكمتها، مثل فاس البالي الذي تمّ بناءه في القرن التاسع، حيث تّظهُر فيه عراقة الهندسة لسلالة، وتحتوي مدينة فاس على أقدم المساجد في العالم،
، ويُفضل الذهاب إليها سيراً على الأقدام للوقوف على جميع هذه المعالم

University of al-Qarawiyyin

Tombs of Merenid

Jewish Quarter

ESSAOURIA

The city of Essaouira is located apart from the hustle and bustle of the big cities on the Atlantic coast and is a popular destination for travellers. It is characterised in red and blue for being a coastal city where people go for windsurfing, surfing, eating delicious seafood, and strolling on the beach.

: تقع بمعزل عن ضجّة المُدن الكبيرة على ساحل المغرب الأطلسي، وهي مَقصد الرَّحالة حيث إنها مكان رائع للاسترخاء، فكان يقصدُها الكثير من المشاهير لأخذ قسط من الراحة، مثل جيمي هندريكس وبوب مارلي، وللمدينة ميزات ساحرة تجذب السياح إليها، مثل شوارعها وطلاء منازلها المميز باللونين الأحمر والأزرق، وكَونها مدينة ساحلية فقد كان الناس يقصدونها لممارسة التزلج الشراعي، وركوب الأمواج، وتناول المأكولات البحرية اللذيذة، والتّنزه على الشاطئ

TANGIER

Tangier is a coastal city overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar, and contains many areas that should be visited such as the old town, the Kasbah Museum, and Toubkal mountain. Many climb Mount Toubkal situated in the Atlas mountains and enjoy its captivating scenery of its high altitude, as it is the highest peak in North Africa.

ساحلية مُطلّة على مضيق جبل طارق، وتحوي الكثير من المناطق التي يجب على الزائر أن يعرج إليها، مثل المدينة القديمة، ومتحف القصبة، وفيل نوفل جبل تبقال : يقوم السياح بتسلُق جبل توبقال للاستمتاع بجمال المناظر الآسرة التي تَظهُر من ارتفاعه الشاهق، حيث إنه أعلى قمة في شمال أفريقيا، إذ يقع عند جبال الأطلس الكبير

Kasbah Museum

Old Town

Mount Toubkal

Dear friends this is just a simple glimpse of Morocco that is characterised by its tourism, history and its important geographical position.

صدقائي الأعزاء كانت هده لمحة بسيطة عن المغرب وما يمتاز به من اماكن سياحية ومأتر عمرانية وتارخية ومكانته الجغرافية المهمة

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THE AMPLIFICATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY IN EGYPt - BY NAJIB AL ADDIOUI

9/1/2019

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تعد مصر اقدم حضارة في التاريخ الإنساني وتاريخ مصر هو اطول تاريخ مستمر لدولة فالعالم لما يزيد عن 7000 سنة ، حيث تميزت مصر بوجود نهر النيل الذي يشق أرضها والذي اعتبر عامل مساعد لقيام حضارة عريقة بها، كانت مصر قبل الفتح الإسلامي تعاني من الإستغلال البزانطي والروماني مم سبب مضايقات كتيرة للشعب المصري سياسيا وقتصاديا ودينيا حيت كانت تعم الديانة المسيحية ارجاء البلاد حتى انعم الله الأمة بالإسلام ،فأرسل الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام حاطب بن بلتعة اللخمي الى المقوقس ملك مصر بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم من محمد رسول الله إلى المقوقس عظيم القبط سلام على من اتبع الهدى أما بعد فإني أدعوك بدعوة الإسلام أسلم تسلم يؤتك الله أجرك مرتين "قل يا أهل الكتاب تعالوا إلى كلمة سواء بيننا وبينكم ألا نعبد إلا الله ولا نشرك به شيئا ولا يتخذ بعضنا بعضا أربابا من دون الله فإن تولوا فقولوا اشهدوا بأنا مسلمون".
ثم دعا المقوقس كاتبه الذي يكتب له بالعربية فكتب إلى النبي (ص):
(بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، لمحمد بن عبد الله من المقوقس عظيم القبط، سلام عليك. أما بعد، فقد قرأت كتابك، وفهمت ما ذكرت فيه وما تدعو إليه وقد علمت أن نبيا قد بقى وقد كنت أظن أنه يخرج بالشام وقد أكرمت رسولك...)
ثم عّدد له الهداية التي بعثها إليه وختم رسالة بعبارة (والسلام عليك).
إن إكرام المقوقس سفير النبي (ص) والهدايا التي أرسلها إليه، وتقديم اسم محمد (ص) على اسمه، تدلّ كلّها على أنه قد قبل دعوة رسول الله (ص) في قرارة نفسه أو أنه ? على الأقل- مال إلى الإسلام. ولكنه لكي لا يهتز مركزه امتنع عن إظهار ذلك علنا.
بشر الرسول، صلى الله عليه وسلم، بفتح مصر قبل حدوثه بسنوات عديدة، كما أخبر بدخول أهلها في الإسلام واشتراكهم مع إخوانهم في التمكين، قال: «إِنَّكُم سَتَفْتَحُونَ مِصْرَ، وَهِيَ أَرْضٌ يَسمَّى فِيْهَا القِيْرَاط، فَإِذَا فَتَحْتُمُوهَا، فَأَحْسِنُوا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا؛ فَإِنَّ لَهُم ذِمَّةٌ وَرَحِمًا.
ضلت مصر على حالها لأسباب منها صعوبات ومحن واجهها الإسلام فالجزيرة العربية .
وفي عهد الخليفة عمر بن الخطاب اشار اليه عمرو بن العاص بفتح مصر لأهميتها السياسية والإقتصادية
اجتمع عمرو بن العاص بعمر بن الخطاب في الجابية حين جاء إلى بلاد الشام بعد طاعون عمواس، وعرض عليه فتح مصر وطلب السماح له بالمسير إليها، وهنا تظهر لأول مرة في المصادر العربية فكرة فتح مصر، وكأنها فكرة طارئة عنت لعمرو بن العاص الذي كان يسعى للحصول على ميدان جديد يظهر فيه نشاطه، وحسنها للخليفة عمر، وتجري بعض المصادر أن فكرة فتح مصر تعود إلى عمر بن الخطاب نفسه الذي أمر عمرو بن العاص بالمسير إليها وفي الأول من رمضان عام 20 هـ الموافق الثالث عشر من أغسطس 641م، دخل الفتح الإسلامي مصر على يد عمرو بن العاص، الذي حاصر حصن بابليون سبعة أشهر متواصلة بعد أن اكتسح في طريقه جنود الروم، فأرسل المقوقس إلى عمرو يفاوضه ويعرض عليه المال نظير رجوع المسلمين إلى بلادهم، ولكن عمرو رفض.
وتم لعمرو الاستيلاء على مصر بسقوط الإسكندرية، وانتهى العهد البيزنطي في مصر، وبدأ العهد الإسلامي، واعتنقت الغالبية العظمى من المصريين الإسلام، وبقي قسم منهم على المسيحية، واستمر هؤلاء يعرفون بالأقباط
ولعلَّ أول عمل قام به عمرو بن العاص بعد استقرار الأوضاع، الإعلان بين الناس أن لا إكراه في الدين، وأن حرية العقيدة أمر مقدس، فلن يُتعرض لأحد في حريته، أو ماله بسبب دينه، أو مذهبه.أصبحت مصر بعد الفتح الإسلامي إحدى ولايات الدولة الإسلامية، يحكمها والي يعينه الخليفة أو أمير المؤمنين،شهدت مصر خلال العصر الإسلامي نهضة شاملة في مجالات العمران والفنون تمثلت في تطور العمارة الإسلامية بإنشاء العديد من المساجد والقلاع والحصون والأسوار والمدن، كذلك الفنون الزخرفية التي تمثلت فى أول عاصمة إسلامية فى مصر، وهى مدينة "الفسطاط" وبها جامع عمرو بن العاص. ويعد مقياس النيل بجزيرة الروضة أحد أهم الآثار المصرية الإسلامية، وقد أنشأه الخليفة العباسي المتوكل بالله عام 245 هـ. كما يبدو ازدهار العمارة الإسلامية بمصر فى مدينة القطائع وجامع أحمد بن طولون الذى شيد على نهج جامع عمرو بن العاص. ومئذنة جامع بن طولون وهى الوحيدة فى مساجد مصر التى لها هذا الشكل وهى مستمدة من المعابد الفارسية المعروفة باسم "الزيجورات".وأصبحت مصر بلدا إسلاميا،وقد اتخذ لها مدينة الفسطاط عاصمة لها والتي ازدهرت على وقتها حتى أصبحت مركزا للتجارة وهكدا يعد العصر الإسلامي من أهم العصور التى مرت بها مصر عبر التاريخ لما أحدثه من تحولات عقيدية وسياسية واجتماعية عميقة في بنية مصر دولة وشعبًا. وقد استمرت تلك الحقبة زهاء ثمانية قرون ونصف القرن.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Egypt is the oldest civilization in human history and is the longest continuous history of a state for more than 7000 years, where Egypt was characterized by the presence of the Nile River that makes its land and which was considered a contributing factor for the establishment of an ancient civilization. Before the Islamic conquest in Islam, the people of Egypt suffered from the exploitation of Byzantine and Romans politically, economically and religiously. Christianity was spreading throughout the country until Allah (The Most High) sent the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him to the great Coptic King, Al-Maqwas
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful.

“Say, O people of the Book, come to a word between us and you, not to worship but Allah, and not to share anything with it, and not to take each other as Lords without Allah (The Most High).”

Al-Maqwas asked his writer to respond to the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)

“In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful,
To Muhammad, the son of Abdullah, from the Al-Maqwas the Great,
Peace be to you, I have read your book and have understood what you said and what you are calling for. I have learnt that a Prophet will be coming from Sham (present day Syria) and honour you as the Messenger of Allah.”

He then concluded the message with the words "Peace be upon you".

Al-Maqwas honoured the ambassador of the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to give in the provision of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). This may be an indication that he accepted the call to Islam. However, at least there was money to be spent on spreading the word of Allah (The Most High). The Prophet of Allah (The Most High) refrained from showing it publicly.

The Prophet of Allah (The Most High) aimed to spread Islam in Egypt years before this event occurred and said, if you do open Egypt they have mercy. However, Egypt remained the same for some reasons due to the difficulties and hardships faced by Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.

During the reign of caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah have mercy upon them), Amr ibn al-As advised him to open Egypt for its political and economic importance. This occurred when Amr ibn al-As met Omar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah have mercy upon them) in Al-Jabiya when he came to the Levant after the plague of Amos, and asked to allow him to walk to it as he was ambitious and wanted to seek a new field. At the same time, it was good for the Caliphate.

Some sources informed that the idea of opening Egypt belonged to Omar bin Khattab himself who ordered Amr ibn al-As to march to it. On the first of Ramadan (13th of August 641), the Islamic conquest entered Egypt led by Amr bin Al As (may Allah have mercy upon him), who besieged the Fortress of Babylon seven months in a row. On his way, the Roman soldiers sought to negotiate with Amr and offered him money for the return of Muslims to their country, but Amr refused.

Amr ibn Al-Aas (may Allah have mercy upon him) was captured in Egypt after the fall of Alexandria, the Byzantine era ended in Egypt, the Islamic era began, and the vast majority of Egyptians converted to Islam, and some of them remained Christian known as Coptic Christians.

Perhaps the first activity carried out by Amr ibn al-As after the stability of the situation, declaring among the people that there is no compulsion in religion and everyone is free to believe in which they wish, their money and religion and doctrine will not be influenced.

In the Islamic era, Egypt witnessed a comprehensive renaissance in the fields of urbanization and the arts, which was the development of Islamic architecture by the establishment of many mosques, castles, forts, fences and cities, as well as decorative arts, which were represented in the first Islamic capital in Egypt, the city of "Fustat", and the Mosque of Amr Bin Aas.

The Nile scale on Al-Rawda island is one of the most important Egyptian Islamic monuments and was established by the Abbasid Caliphate al-Mutawakkil in 245 AH. The flourishing of Islamic architecture in Egypt also appears in the city of Qata'a and the Mosque of Ahmed ibn Toulon, which was built in the approach of the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As. The minaret of the Mosque of Ben Toulon, which is the only mosque in Egypt that has this form is derived from the Persian temples known as "Zygurat", became an Islamic country, and the city of Fustat was taken to it as its capital, which flourished on its time to become a centre of commerce. This is considered the Islamic era of the most important time of Egypt's history as it has brought about profound ideological, political and social transformations in Egypt's structure as a state and its people. The era lasted for about eight and a half centuries.

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The significance of yemen in islam

8/1/2019

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Today, many are aware of the famine and war that is occurring in Yemen but how many are you aware it is the home to several landmarks that hold historical significance to Islam. Yemen is situated to the east of Oman and south of Saudi Arabia. It was known for its power and trade for ostrich plumes and spice predominantly myrrh and frankincense. Many of our beloved Prophets (peace be upon them) travelled through Yemen to go to Syria, Iraq and Egypt and other countries.

The tomb of Prophet Hud and Shuaib (peace be upon them) are situated in Hadr Mawt. Prophet Hud was sent to the people of Aad who were known for their size and strength and disobeyed the message of Allah calling them to void sin and pray to the Almighty Allah (The Most High). This resulted in them being punished by a strong wind. Subhanallah. Similarly, Prophet Shuaib (peace be upon him) was sent to spread the message of Allah but to the people of Madian.

Tomb of Hud (peace be upon him)

Tomb of Shuaib (peace be upon him)

Allah (The Most High) has given His messengers blessings in different ways. One of these include the ability to speak with animals and wisdom and this was gifted to Prophet Suleiman (peace be upon him). He was modest in his nature and like all the Prophets of Allah (The Most High) spent his time serving Allah.

“And Solomon inherited (the knowledge of) David. He said: "O mankind! We have been taught the language of birds, and on us have been bestowed all things. This, verily, is an evident grace (from Allah)." The Ant - Verse 16

He was introduced to Sheba otherwise known as Saba in present day Yemen after communicating with a hoopie bird who narrated to the Prophet of Allah about a powerful queen called Bilqis whose kingdom worshipped the sun and gods. The moon god Al-makah was the king of the gods and he had a daughter called Shamsh who the goddess of the sun Upon hearing this, he invited her to submit to Allah (The Most High). In Surah Al Naml (The Ant) verse 20 -44, Allah informs us of how His Prophet embarked on his journey used his wisdom and Bilqis reverted to monotheism.

Temple of Al-Makkah

Saba was known for their talent of engineering and building projects such as Maarib Dam which is the oldest dam in the world that aided irrigation and diverted rain water to the farms in lower end of the valleys by evading the Dhana ravine (Wadi Adanah). They harvested wheat, barley, fruits and dates. Trees that grew saps in which aromatic compounds such as myrrh and frankincense were extracted. Similar to the people of Aad and Madyan there were punished as Allah (The Most High) for their ungratefulness where the Ma’rib dam became dysfunctional and was used to flood Saba. In Surah Saba, verse 15 to 16, Allah (The Most High) says:
There was for [the tribe of] Saba' in their dwelling place a sign: two [fields of] gardens on the right and on the left. [They were told], "Eat from the provisions of your Lord and be grateful to Him. A good land [have you], and a forgiving Lord. “But they turned away [refusing], so We sent upon them the flood of the dam, and We replaced their two [fields of] gardens with garden of bitter fruit, tamarisks and something of sparse lote trees.

Remains of the dam

Moreover, in the early days of Makkah, Yemen was ruled by a Christian ruler called Abraha. He had a cathedral in Sanaa in Yemen and wanted to divert the Makkans from Kaabah to worshipping in his cathedral. In order to achieve this, he sent an army including elephants to destroy Kaabah. However, Allah has sent birds hailing them with stones as he stated in Surah Al Feel (The Elephant).

Have you not considered, [O Muhammad], how your Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant?. Did He not make their plan into misguidance? And He sent against them birds in flocks, Striking them with stones of hard clay, And He made them like eaten straw.

Subhanallah, reflecting on these parables, Allah left these monuments as a sign for us of what happened to those before us so we can seek guidance and repent before it is too late. May Allah keep us steadfast Ameen.

And We left it as a sign, so is there any who will remember? Surah Qamar (54:15)

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JORDAN - THE LAND OF HISTORY

6/30/2019

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Do you ever wonder about our Islamic history and the sacred landmarks that are still standing today?

There are around a billion Muslims in the world, but how many of us know about?

The importance of learning our history cannot be overstated. We read the Quran throughout the year especially during the blessed month of Ramadan where Allah (The Most High) continuously gives us reminders of what happened to the Prophets (peace be upon them) and the trials and tribulations they underwent. Some nations were destroyed due to their actions whereas some attained success due to their good deeds. For instance, the coming of Prophet Musa (Moses) to the Children of Israel due to the predicament of Pharaoh where the corpse of the Pharoah is still present today.

“So this day We shall deliver your (dead) body (out from the sea) that you may be a sign to those who come after you! And verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Ayat (proofs,evidences.)” [Surah Younis, 10:92]

The hadith and the stories of the Sahaba (Companions) also provides us reminders. This allows us to reflect, learn, rekindle our faith and shape us to become better Muslims that are successful in this life and hereafter, we must not lose the evidence and its significance in our eyes.

“Say: If the mankind and the jinn were together to produce the like of this Quraan, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another” [Surah al-Isra 17:88]

When I initiated this project, I wanted to analyse by geographical locations as many countries are blessed with rich religious history and amongst them is Jordan that had a significant role in the momentous events in the history of People of the Book: Jews, Christians and Muslims.
Jordan has a special position in Islam where it is the first location where it has spread outside the Arabian Peninsula. It comprises of tombs of the Prophets (peace be upon them), the shrines of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that were martyred. The tree in which the Prophet Muhammad rested during his travel from Makkah to Damascus and is still present day situated near Safawi, Al-Mafraq Kahf Al-Raqim (The Cave of the Seven Sleepers).

The Sleepers were able to sleep for 300 years and Allah (The Highest) says in the Glorious Quran.

“And thou wouldst have deemed them waking though they were asleep, and we caused them to turn over to the right and the left, and their dog stretching out his paws on the threshold. If thou have observed them closely, thou hadst assuredly turned away from them in flight, and hadst been filled with awe of them.”
[Surah Al Kahf :18]

Many strategic battles in Islamic history have took place in Jordan such as the battle of Mutah (629 CE), Yarmouk (634 CE), Fahl (635 CE), and the second battle of Yarmouk (636 CE) where the latter helped expand Islam to neighbouring countries.

The country also marks historical events during the Caliphate, for instance, the Battle of Siffin took place at the Jabal Al-Tahkim (The Hill of Judication) situated between Maan and Shobak in Udruh. This occurred during the Caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah have mercy upon him) where a case was put into the court of judgement. Abu Musa Al-Ashaari (may Allah have mercy upon him) represented Ali ibn Abu Talib whereas Amr ibn Al-Aas represented Mu’awiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (may Allah have mercy upon them all).

Masajids are still present from the era of other Caliphates such as Othman mosque in Aqaba. The castle of Salahuddin Al-ayoubi is also present in the same city.

The Shrine of the Prophets and the Sahaba

As stated earlier, many Prophets (peace be upon them) were buried in Jordan. Some Prophets were even reported to have travelled in Jordan such as Prophet Jesus and Abraham (peace be upon them).

How many of you have heard of Petra and its unique carvings on the rock at the Treasury?

Did you know that those who performed this work, the Nabateans, were similar to that of people of Thamud who Allah sent Prophet Salih (peace be upon him) to the latter?

Petra is situated near Mount Hor otherwise known as Jabal Al-Nabi or El-Barra. It is close to the valley of Moses where the shrine of Prophet Musa’s older brother Prophet Harun (Aaaron) may Allah be pleased with them is buried near their sister Miriam. As you enter the city of Petra you will find three blocks where they believed the ‘jinn’ were placed to guard the city.

Prophet Musa has been mentioned the most in the Quran and historians have stated that he was buried on Mount Nebo. The shrine Prophet Harun (peace be upon them) is in a small, domed mosque at the highest peak of Petra (4580 feet). Allah (The Most High) responded to the Du’a (supplication) of Moses and made him his accomplice in spreading the word of Allah and leading the tribes of Children of Israel. The Torah was given as a sacred book. Prophet Harun’s grandson was Yaqub (Jacob) and therefore was the descendant of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) peace be upon them all.

Moving to the north-west of Amman to the salt city, the shrine of the father in law of Moses is buried, Prophet Shuaib (Jethro) peace be upon them. He was mentioned in the Quran 11 times and was sent as a messenger to the People of the Wood and the Midianites.

In Salt, there is a shrine for Al-Khidr (may Allah be pleased with him) who was a righteous worshipper and was mentioned in Surah Kahf (The Cave) where he accompanied Prophet Musa peace be upon him (verses 64-82) and educated people on the importance of reliance and servitude to Allah (The Most High). His other shrines are situated in Bayt Ras, Ajloun, Mahes and Kerak.

Another Prophet whose shrine lays in the same area is Prophet Yusha (Joshua) and Ayub (Job) peace be upon them. Prophet Yusha was the second Prophet revealed to the Children of Israel and he led an army in conquest of Palestine/Israel. Prophet Ayub was mentioned in the Quran four times and was known for his faith, gentleness and patient attributes.

"And (remember) Ayyoub, when He cried to his Lord, 'Truly distress has seized me, but Thou art the Most Merciful of those that are merciful'. So we listened to him: We removed the distress that was on him, and we restored his people to him, and doubled their number, as a Grace from Ourselves, and a thing for commemoration, for all who serve us"
[Surah Anbaya, verse 83-84]

Moreover, there are a number of companions of Prophet Muhammed (peace and blessings be upon him) in Salt. For instance, Maysarah ibn Masruq Al-Absi participated in the conquest of Syria and Battle of Yamamah. He successfully entered the lands of Byzantine as commander of chief of the army.

Other suburbs in Amman have shrines of the Sahaba who were amongst those who were promised Jannah (paradise). For instance, Abdul-Rahman ibn Awf Al-Zuhri and Bilal ibn Rabah (may Allah be pleased with them) and is situated in Jubaiha and Wadi Essair. Abdul-Rahman was a good businessman who spent money in charity and participated in a number of major battles Badr, Uhud in Medina, Al-Khandaq (The Trenches) and conquest of Mecca and signing treaties. This puts emphasis on the social and political concepts in response the growing number of Muslims. Bilal ibn Rabah (may Allah be pleased with him) was gifted with a beautiful voice and participated in battles of Badr and Uhud.

Near the Dead Sea, the statue comprised of salt is of Lut’s (Lot) wife and this location has been reported to be Sodom and Gomorrah where Allah informed Lot and his family as they ran away to not look back. However, the wife of Prophet Lut (peace be upon him) looked back and was converted to a of salt. Lot (peace be upon them) and his children were saved in the cave in the mountains. The people of Lut rejected the message of Allah and denied he was a prophet.

"We will bring down on the inhabitants of this city a devastating punishment from heaven because of their deviance." We have left a Clear Sign of them behind for people who use their intellect.
[Surah Fatir, 29:34-35]

Researchers have suggested that the cities that were demolished near the Dead Sea comprised a high level of sulphur that normally occurs during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. There was also evidence of basalt rocks which further evidently suggests that this has in fact occurred. Allah has left these as evidence for mankind to seek and take heed!

Another Prophet whose shrine is located in Jordan is Yahya who was the son of Prophet Zakariyah (Zacharia) (may Allah be pleased with them) and was inspired and continued what was left from his father in spreading the word of Allah. He was born in response to the prayer of his father and was pious. He was beheaded at Kind Herod’s citadel in Mukawir (Machaerus) and was buried there whereas his head was sent to Damascus buried in the Umayad Masjid. He was executed because he refused to recognise the marriage of King Herod. This correlates with King Henry VIII who beheaded the Pope of England and reformed Catholicism to Protestantism in order for his marriage to be recognised.

There are shrines of many other Prophets peace be upon them such as Nuh (Noah) and Sulayman (Solomon) in Kerak, Hud in Jerash, Dawud (David). The third son of Adam, Sith was buried near Tafila and the same area aalso has a shrine of one of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) companions, Jabir ibn Abdullah Al-Ansari who participated in the conquest of Mecca and 19 military events.

Moreover, Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) lost many of his companions at the Battle of Mutah (629 AD) where they gained their status as martyrs and their shrines are found in various areas in Kerak. Zaid ibn Haritha, Jafar ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Ruwaha died in this order as all were put in command where if one died, the other takes over and replace them.

Zaid ibn Haritha was the adopted son of our Beloved Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his name was mentioned in the Quran, where Allah says:

And [remember, O Muhammad], when you said to the one on whom Allah bestowed favor and you bestowed favor, "Keep your wife and fear Allah," while you concealed within yourself that which Allah is to disclose. And you feared the people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him. So when Zayd had no longer any need for her, We married her to you in order that there not be upon the believers any discomfort concerning the wives of their adopted sons when they no longer have need of them. And ever is the command of Allah accomplished. [Surah Al-Ahzab, 33:37]

Additionally, other tombs of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon them) companions are found in Jordan. For instance, near Irbid, Abu Darda who is known for narrating many hadiths, accompanied the Prophet and participating in military campaigns. In the northern valley, Amr ibn Abi Waqqas, the general Derar ibn Al-Azwar, the governor of Yemen Muath ibn Jabal and the scriber of Quran revelations Shurhabil ibn Husna (may Allah be pleased with them are buried.

Ultimately. Jordan has a wealth of history where sacred landmarks present today portray the number of trials the Prophets and Sahaba and it is important to revive them to reflect on the trials and tribulations they underwent for their beliefs and implement the positive attributes they possess. May Allah have mercy upon them all.

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tHE ornaments of HISTORICAL turkey by najib el addioui

Topkapi Museum, built by Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror

Sultan Ahmed Mosque

Hagia Sophia Museum is located opposite the Sultan Mosque.

the tomb of Ertugrul in Sgot

A Glimpse of Morocco by najib addioui

Casablanca

FEZ

ESSAOURIA

TANGIER

THE AMPLIFICATION OF ISLAMIC HISTORY IN EGYPt - BY NAJIB AL ADDIOUI

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

The significance of yemen in islam

JORDAN - THE LAND OF HISTORY

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